Which scientist is credited with the first microscopic examination of skin patterns in relation to fingerprints?

The scientist credited with the first microscopic examination of skin patterns in relation to fingerprints is Nehemiah Grew. In the late 17th century, Grew, an English botanist, made significant contributions to anatomy and pointed out the unique patterns of ridges on fingerprint surfaces. His work laid the foundation for later studies and the understanding of fingerprints in forensic science.

Although other figures in the history of fingerprint identification, such as Sir William Herschel and Alphonse Bertillon, advanced the field of criminology and the practical applications of fingerprints, it was Grew who first utilized a microscope to explore the unique characteristics of these skin patterns. His pioneering work is what established the basis for the eventual development of fingerprint analysis as a tool for personal identification and forensic investigation.